Calculating Indirect Costs – Differences Caused by Various Approaches to Unit Costs. Results of Move to Work Study (M2W)

A Time Study of Physicians’ Work in a German University Eye Hospital to Estimate Unit Costs

BACKGROUND Technical efficiency of hospital services is debated since performance has been heterogeneous. Staff time represents the main resource in patient care and its inappropriate allocation has been identified as a key factor of inefficiency. The aim of this study was to analyse the utilisation of physicians' work time stratified by staff groups, tasks and places of work. A further aim was...

Indirect costs of research.

Calculation of Direct Medical Costs and Indirect Costs in Patients with Covid-19 Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit in Golestan Province

Abstract Background: Healthcare policymakers and planners use the economic burden of the disease to determine the total cost of an outcome, illness, or accident imposed on the country. The aim of this study was to calculate the direct and indirect medical costs in Covid-19 patients with critical conditions hospitalized in the intensive care unit in Golestan province. Methods: This descriptive...

from linguistics to literature: a linguistic approach to the study of linguistic deviations in the turkish divan of shahriar

chapter i provides an overview of structural linguistics and touches upon the saussurean dichotomies with the final goal of exploring their relevance to the stylistic studies of literature. to provide evidence for the singificance of the study, chapter ii deals with the controversial issue of linguistics and literature, and presents opposing views which, at the same time, have been central to t...

Innovative approaches to reduce diabetes costs.

According to the American Diabetes Association, the cost of treating diabetes in North Carolina was approximately $5.3 billion in 2006. Reigning in diabetes-related costs requires collaboration between third-party payers, health care professionals, and people with diabetes. This article reviews innovative policy changes that affect all 3 groups and are intended to improve diabetes-associated ca...